In Ontario, there are many lakes, rivers and waterways to explore in the summer months. Some people explore by canoe or kayak; others by powerboat or sailboat. Every year, almost a million people boat along the Rideau Canal system between Kingston on Lake Ontario to Ottawa on the Ottawa River. I do wonder how many are aware of the tragic history of this UNESCO World Heritage site.
The Rideau Canal system was constructed between 1826 and 1832 by the British military. It was designed to create a strategic waterway from Montreal to Kingston via Ottawa as a precaution against a possible invasion by the United States. Such an attack could cut off the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Kingston.
The work was carried out by immigrants from Ireland and Scotland, and many French Canadians. As many as a thousand died from disease, workplace accidents and poor living conditions. When the workers protested, the army was brought in to subdue them. And the canal was completed.
There never was an invasion by the Americans, so the Rideau Canal system became a commercial transportation route and is now used primarily by recreational boats. In the summer.
Ever the rebels, we decided to explore it by car. In the winter.
We began at Kingston Mills, the first of 47 locks in the system. There are three locks here, and a swing bridge.
The large wooden doors at the far end of this lock are opened manually using a push bar, swing bar and chains. Boats enter, the doors are closed, another gate opens, allowing water in, the boat rises to the next level and moves forward into the next lock. In total, the water level rises 50.6 metres (166.2 feet) from Kingston to Upper Rideau Lake, and falls 83.8 metres (275 feet) from Upper Rideau Lake to the Ottawa River, over a distance of 202 km (125 miles).
It is remarkable to realize that the engineering design, and most of the operational technologies as well as the dams, weirs, bridges, locks and walls are almost 200 years old, and still functioning. How much of our modern technology will last that long?
More locks and more adventures to come…